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made every effort to doublecheck my cita- tions as much as possible (such as checking documents with information from interviews, and vice versa, and comparing Chinese ma- terials with non-Chinese ones). Wherever necessary, I pointed out what I consider to be dubious sources in the notes. My study was also based on my four research trips to China respectively in 1987, 1991, 1992, and 1993. During these trips I established and updated my research data- bases, and interviewed those who were in- volved in Beijing’s policy-making during the late 1940s and early 1950s, and those who have access to classified CCP docu- ments (because of the political sensitivity involved in the issues under discussion, un- less authorized by the interviewees, I do not identify their names, but I restrict myself to using unidentified interviews only when absolutely necessary). I have not been able to get close to Beijing’s CCP Central Ar- chives (which, by the way, is located in the city’s remote western suburb). But by a combination of effort and good luck, I gained access to some important classified docu- ments (including correspondences and tele- grams of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and other CCP leaders, and a few minutes of CCP leaders’ decision-making conferences) for the 1948-1950 period. To balance the need to protect my sources with the general practice of Western scholarship, I cite them in my book by pointing out their forms (telegram, correspondence, or minute), dates, and where their originals are maintained (the Chinese Central Archives or Chinese Mili- tary Archives). I believe that this is the best one can do in the current circumstances. It is my hope that China, my motherland, will follow the internationally accepted practice of declassifying historical documents on a legal basis, so that all researchers, including myself, will soon be able to get free access to them. COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN 85 86 COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN series. 10. The most useful ones include Zhonggong dangshi jiaoxue cankao ziliao (Reference Materials for Teach- ing CCP History, Beijing: National Defense University Press, 1986), vols. 18-19 (1945-1953); Zhonggong zhongyang wenjian xuanji (Selected Documents of the CCP Central Committee, first edition, Beijing: CCP Central Academy Press, 1983-1987), 14 vols. Both collections were published for “internal circulation” only. An open and generally enlarged version of the second collection has been published in 1989-1992, but a few important documents are not included. 11. Mao Zedong junshi wenxuan (Selected Military Works of Mao Zedong, Beijing: Soldiers’ Press, 1981); and Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao (Mao Zedong’s Manuscripts Since the Founding of the People’s Re- public, Beijing: The Central Press of Historical Docu- ments, 1987, 1989), vol. 1, September 1949-December 1950, and vol. 2, January 1951-December 1951. Both collections are “for internal circulation” only. Also useful are the openly published Mao Zedong junshi wenji (A Collection of Mao Zedong’s Military Papers, 6 vols., Beijing: Military Science Press and the Central Press of Historical Documents, 1993), and Pang Xianzhi et al., Mao Zedong nianpu, 1893-1949 (A Chronology of Mao Zedong, 1893-1949, 3 vols., Beijing: People’s Press and the Central Press of Historical Documents, 1993). Chen Jian is Associate Professor of History at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. This article is adapted from the introduction to his China’s Road to the Korean War; The Making of the Sino-American Confrontation (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994). WILSON CENTER ASIA PROGRAM BOOK ON CCP FOREIGN RELATIONS The Asia Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars has published a compilation of articles on CCP foreign relations, revised versions of papers originally prepared for a 7-9 July 1992 international academic confer- ence at the Wilson Center. Toward a History of Chinese Communist Foreign Relations, 1920s- 1960s: Personalities and Interpretive Approaches, edited by Michael H. Hunt and Niu Jun, contains: Niu Jun, “The Origins of Mao Zedong’s Think- ing on International Affairs (1916-1949); He Di, “The Most Respected Enemy: Mao Zedon’g Per- ception of the United States”; Zhang Baija, “Zhou Enlai—The Shaper and Founder of China’s Di- plomacy”; Chen Xiaolu, “Chen Yi and China’s Diplomacy”; Odd Arne Westad, “The Foreign Policies of Revolutionary Parties: The CCP in a Comparative Perspective”; Jurgen Osterhammel, “CCP Foreign Policy as International History: Mapping the Field”; Michael H. Hunt, “CCP Foreign Policy: ‘Normalizing’ the Field” . For information on obtaining copies, contact the Asia Program, Wilson Center, 1000 Jefferson Dr. SW, Washgton, DC 20560 USA; tel.: (202) 357-1937; fax: (202) 357-4439; e-mail: lizhai@sivm.si.edu 1. Except for a few books written by journalists, such as Isidor F. Stone’s The Hidden History of the Korean War (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1952), this approach dominated the study of the origins of the Korean War in the 1950s and part of the 1960s. See, e.g., Robert T. Oliver, Why War Came in Korea (New York: Fordham University Press, 1950); Philip E. Mosley, “Soviet Policy and the War,” Journal of Inter- national Affairs 6 (Spring 1952), 107-114; Alexander L. George, “American Policy Making and the North Korean Aggression,” World Politics 7:2 (January 1955), 209-232; and Tang Tsou, America’s Failure in China, 1941-1950 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), 555-556. In his classic study of the Korean War, Korea: The Limited War (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1964), 18-20, David Rees continued to draw a picture reflecting a well-coordinated Communist plot to start the war. For summaries of various scholarly interpretations of the origins of the Korean War based on the assumption that the North Korean invasion obeyed Moscow’s grand strategic design, see Denna F. Fleming, The Cold War and Its Origins, 1917-1960, 2 vols. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961), 2:605; and Kim Hak-joon, “Approaches and Perspectives to the Origins of War,” in War Memorial Service-Korea, [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ] |
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